[466] Embarrassed by their inability to defeat the Finns, the Soviets signed an interim peace treaty, in which they received territorial concessions from Finland. [719], Ethnically Georgian,[720] Stalin grew up speaking the Georgian language,[721] and did not begin learning Russian until the age of eight or nine. The first four years were years of intense labor on the part of Soviet people in carrying out the Third Five-Year Plan. During these years, the country experienced another major famine and an antisemitic campaign that culminated in the doctors' plot. I stand on the ground of the latter". He attracted a group of supporters through his classes in socialist theory[46] and co-organised a secret workers' mass meeting for May Day 1900,[47] at which he successfully encouraged many of the men to take strike action. [386] The 1931 and 1932 harvests had been poor ones because of weather conditions[387] and had followed several years in which lower productivity had resulted in a gradual decline in output. [869], Stalin strengthened and stabilised the Soviet Union. [617] Across Eastern Europe, the Soviet model was enforced, with a termination of political pluralism, agricultural collectivisation, and investment in heavy industry. [196] His department allocated funds for establishment of presses and schools in the languages of various ethnic minorities. [215] During the war, he proved his worth to the Central Committee, displaying decisiveness, determination, and willingness to take on responsibility in conflict situations. [456] Germany began negotiations with the Soviets, proposing that Eastern Europe be divided between the two powers. No one died on that day. [432] His personal writings from the period were according to Khlevniuk "unusually convoluted and incoherent", filled with claims about enemies encircling him. [427], Repressions further intensified in December 1936 and remained at a high level until November 1938, a period known as the Great Purge. [371] This preoccupation with opposing rival leftists concerned Bukharin, who regarded the growth of fascism and the far right across Europe as a far greater threat. [849] It is unclear if Stalin ever had a mistress during or after his marriage to Alliluyeva. [26], In August 1894, Stalin enrolled in the Orthodox Spiritual Seminary in Tiflis, enabled by a scholarship that allowed him to study at a reduced rate. [897] After the dissolution of the Union in 1991, the rest of the archives were opened to historians, resulting in much new information about Stalin coming to light,[898] and producing a flood of new research. [795] Stalin also enjoyed watching films late at night at cinemas installed in the Kremlin and his dachas. [517] Soviet military industrial output also had increased substantially from late 1941 to early 1943 after Stalin had moved factories well to the east of the front, safe from German invasion and aerial assault. [189] He strongly supported Lenin's formation of the Cheka security service and the subsequent Red Terror that it initiated; noting that state violence had proved an effective tool for capitalist powers, he believed that it would prove the same for the Soviet government. fair elections Views: 47. [670] The collective leadership included the following eight senior members of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, listed according to the order of precedence presented formally on 5 March 1953: Georgy Malenkov, Lavrentiy Beria, Vyacheslav Molotov, Kliment Voroshilov, Nikita Khrushchev, Nikolai Bulganin, Lazar Kaganovich and Anastas Mikoyan. [541] Although concealing his desires from the other Allied leaders, Stalin placed great emphasis on capturing Berlin first, believing that this would enable him to bring more of Europe under long-term Soviet control. [904] In addition, while archival data shows that 1,053,829 perished in the Gulag from 1934 to 1953,[905] the current historical consensus is that of the 18million people who passed through the Gulag system from 1930 to 1953, between 1.5 and 1.7million died as a result of their incarceration. [799] He enjoyed listening to classical music,[800] owning around 2,700 records,[801] and frequently attending the Bolshoi Theatre during the 1930s and 1940s. [139] According to Montefiore, this was "Stalin's most famous work". Stalin has also been described as 5ft 4,5,6.Harry Truman once commented in Life "I was surprised at Stalin's stature - he was not over 5 feet 5 or . [92] In March 1907 she bore a son, Yakov. The Russian Empire became a de facto republic, headed by a Provisional Government dominated by liberals. [929][930] At the same time, there was a growth in pro-Stalinist literature in Russia, much relying upon the misrepresentation or fabrication of source material. [118] Shortly after the conference, Lenin and Grigory Zinoviev decided to co-opt Stalin to the committee. [917] In 1969 and again in 1979, plans were proposed for a full rehabilitation of Stalin's legacy but on both occasions were defeated by critics within the Soviet and international MarxistLeninist movement. [657] It has been conjectured that Stalin was murdered;[658] Beria has been suspected of murdering him, but no firm evidence has ever appeared. [688] Leading this vanguard, he believed that the Soviet peoples needed a strong, central figureakin to a Tsarwhom they could rally around. (Library of Congress/Getty Images ) In 1943, when the Second World War had reached its most pitiless intensity, three of the world's most powerful menunlikely allies against the Axis onslaught . [378] It therefore emphasised the expansion of housing space and the production of consumer goods. [306], In 1926, Stalin published On Questions of Leninism. [378] In May 1932, he introduced a system of kolkhoz markets where peasants could trade their surplus produce. [413] In May 1933, he released from prison many convicted of minor offences, ordering the security services not to enact further mass arrests and deportations. [645] He was very interested in the reigns of Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. However these factors aided him to become future leader of Russia. [136], Stalin's article Marxism and the National Question[137] was first published in the March, April, and May 1913 issues of the Bolshevik journal Prosveshcheniye;[138] Lenin was pleased with it. [419] In 1935, he ordered the NKVD to expel suspected counter-revolutionaries from urban areas;[381] in early 1935, over 11,000 were expelled from Leningrad. A 2012 survey commissioned by the Carnegie Endowment found 38% of Armenians concurring that their country "will always have need of a leader like Stalin. Stalin and a fellow senior Bolshevik Leon Trotsky both endorsed Lenin's plan of action, but it was initially opposed by Kamenev and other party members. [48] They attempted to arrest him in March 1901, but he escaped and went into hiding,[49] living off the donations of friends and sympathisers. [220] By that time, Sovnarkom had turned its attention to spreading proletarian revolution abroad, to this end forming the Communist International in March 1919; Stalin attended its inaugural ceremony. [469] The Soviets sought to forestall dissent in these new East European territories with mass repressions. [534] Cautiously regarding the responses from the Western Allies, Stalin avoided immediately installing Communist Party governments across Eastern Europe, instead initially ensuring that Marxist-Leninists were placed in coalition ministries. Stalin promoted MarxismLeninism abroad through the Communist International and supported European anti-fascist movements during the 1930s, particularly in the Spanish Civil War. Firstly, a strong reason why Stalin became the leader of the USSR was, in 1925 his policy of 'socialism in one country' proved very popular with party members. [816] As an infant, Stalin displayed a love of flowers,[817] and later in life he became a keen gardener. Millions more fell victim to forced labor, deportation, famine, massacres, and detention and interrogation by . [859] There are unproven rumours that from 1934 onward he had a relationship with his housekeeper Valentina Istomina. [432], During the 1930s and 1940s, NKVD groups assassinated defectors and opponents abroad;[433] in August 1940, Trotsky was assassinated in Mexico, eliminating the last of Stalin's opponents among the former Party leadership. [270] To bolster his image as a devoted Leninist, Stalin gave nine lectures at Sverdlov University on the "Foundations of Leninism", later published in book form. [383] Government policiesincluding the focus on rapid industrialisation, the socialisation of livestock, and the emphasis on sown areas over crop rotationexacerbated the problem;[388] the state had also failed to build reserve grain stocks for such an emergency. [550] Soviet forces continued to expand until they occupied all their territorial concessions, but the U.S. rebuffed Stalin's desire for the Red Army to take a role in the Allied occupation of Japan. Because Stalin was not diagnosed during his life, we can never be sure. The existing government of landlords and capitalists must be replaced by a new government, a government of workers and peasants.The existing pseudo-government which was not elected by the people and which is not accountable to the people must be replaced by a government recognised by the people, elected by representatives of the workers, soldiers and peasants and held accountable to their representatives. [273], As General Secretary, Stalin had a free hand in making appointments to his own staff, implanting his loyalists throughout the party and administration. [143] Stalin retained the name for the rest of his life, possibly because it was used on the article that established his reputation among the Bolsheviks. [230] Stalin lost the argument, after which he accepted Lenin's decision and supported it. [237] Stalin felt disgraced and increased his antipathy toward Trotsky. [340] The USSR underwent a massive economic transformation. [401] Stalin initiated confidential communications with Hitler in October 1933, shortly after the latter came to power in Germany. Stalin contained a lot of bad leadership characteristics but I have cut it down to some of the worst in my opinion. Under Stalin, socialism in one country became a central tenet of the party's ideology. Copy. [919] After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the first President of the new Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin, continued Gorbachev's denunciation of Stalin but added to it a denunciation of Lenin. [528] Stalin was impatient for the UK and U.S. to open up a Western Front to take the pressure off of the East; they eventually did so in mid-1944. [150] Their second child, Alexander, was born circa April 1917. [44], In October 1899, Stalin began work as a meteorologist at the Tiflis observatory. [354] Nationalist sentiment among ethnic minorities was suppressed. [718] Stalin's push for Soviet westward expansion into eastern Europe resulted in accusations of Russian imperialism. [289] He was supported in this by Bukharin, who, like Stalin, believed that the Left Opposition's proposals would plunge the Soviet Union into instability. [519] In 1941, the London Philharmonic Orchestra performed a concert to celebrate his birthday,[520] and in 1942, Time magazine named him "Man of the Year". Firstly, the divisions within the party, made his task of eliminating people less complicated, he only had individuals, not groups of people against him. [51] He continued to evade arrest by using aliases and sleeping in different apartments. Watch: When Rahul Gandhi got stumped over fuel prices . [444] Yezhov was arrested in April 1939 and executed in 1940. Moreover he knew perfectly how to manipulate people on his behalf and also how to gain supporters and how . [588] Although Stalin publicly described the British and U.S. governments as aggressive, he thought it unlikely that a war with them would be imminent, believing that several decades of peace was likely. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as global superpowers and entered a period of tension, the Cold War. Though Hitler and Stalin never met or even spoke on the telephone, their lives and fates were inextricably linked. [176] Trotsky and other later Bolshevik opponents of Stalin used this as evidence that his role in the coup had been insignificant, although later historians reject this. [421] The first Moscow Trial took place in August 1936; Kamenev and Zinoviev were among those accused of plotting assassinations, found guilty in a show trial, and executed. [245] In mid-1921, Stalin returned to the southern Caucasus, there calling on Georgian Communists to avoid the chauvinistic Georgian nationalism which marginalised the Abkhazian, Ossetian, and Adjarian minorities in Georgia. [45] He had a light workload and therefore had plenty of time for revolutionary activity. Here are 10 facts about Joseph Stalin. [476], In June 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union, initiating the war on the Eastern Front. D. Stalin suppressed Lenin's wishes that Stalin NOT follow him as leader of the Soviet Union, fearing Stalin's approach to power. [597] In contrast to his approach to the Baltic states, he rejected the proposal of merging the new communist states into the Soviet Union, rather recognising them as independent nation-states. [341] New mines were opened, new cities like Magnitogorsk constructed, and work on the White Sea-Baltic Canal began. [366] He personally met with a range of Western visitors, including George Bernard Shaw and H. G. Wells, both of whom were impressed with him. [229] On 16 July, the Central Committee decided to take the war into Polish territory. Although there is inconsistency among published sources about Stalin's exact date of birth, Ioseb Jughashvili is found in the records of the Uspensky Church in Gori, Georgia as born on 18 December (, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union, People's Commissar of Defense of the Soviet Union, People's Commissar for Nationalities of the RSFSR, Eastern European anti-Communist insurgencies, robbing of a large delivery of money to the Imperial Bank, Joseph Stalin during the Russian Revolution, Civil War, and the PolishSoviet War, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, granting Finland's request for independence in December, Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, major famine which peaked in the winter of 193233, The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks), as well as sitting members of the Central Committee, attempted an encirclement attack at Kursk, atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, between 26 and 27 million Soviet citizens had been killed, Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR, Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party of Great Britain (MarxistLeninist), Excess mortality in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences, Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in World War II, Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union, Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s, List of awards and honours bestowed upon Joseph Stalin, Stalin's Peasants: Resistance and Survival in the Russian Village after Collectivization, "New Study Supports Idea Stalin Was Poisoned", "Stalin and the Soviet Famine of 1932-33: A Reply to Ellman", "Labor Misallocation and Mass Mobilization: Russian Agriculture during the Great War", "Soviet Repression Statistics: Some Comments", "The Role of Leadership Perceptions and of Intent in the Soviet Famine of 19311934", "Victims of the Soviet penal system in the pre-war years: a first approach on the basis of archival evidence", "August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria", "The Soviet-German War 194145 Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay", "GOLFO ALEXOPOULOS. [542] After receiving a complaint about this from Yugoslav communist Milovan Djilas, Stalin asked how after experiencing the traumas of war a soldier could "react normally? [565] He ensured that returning Soviet prisoners of war went through "filtration" camps as they arrived in the Soviet Union, in which 2,775,700 were interrogated to determine if they were traitors. [848] They had two biological childrena son, Vasily, and a daughter, Svetlana, and adopted another son, Artyom Sergeev, in 1921. [154], While Stalin was in exile, Russia entered the First World War, and in October 1916 Stalin and other exiled Bolsheviks were conscripted into the Russian Army, leaving for Monastyrskoe. [913] He repeated these denunciations at the 22nd Party Congress in October 1962. For this reason, he retained the Leninist view that world revolution was still a necessity to ensure the ultimate victory of socialism. [527] At Tehran, the trio agreed that to prevent Germany rising to military prowess yet again, the German state should be broken up. )[38] He also read Das Kapital, the 1867 book by German sociological theorist Karl Marx. [389] Stalin blamed the famine on hostile elements and sabotage within the peasantry;[390] his government provided small amounts of food to famine-struck rural areas, although this was wholly insufficient to deal with the levels of starvation. "[838] Montefiore described Stalin's favoured types as "young, malleable teenagers or buxom peasant women,"[839] who would be supportive and unchallenging toward him. [328] Many of the collectivised peasants resented the loss of their private farmland,[329] and productivity slumped. "[886] McDermott stated that Stalin had "concentrated unprecedented political authority in his hands. "[935][936] In early 2010, a new monument to Stalin was erected in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. [926], Polling by the Levada Center suggest Stalin's popularity has grown since 2015, with 46% of Russians expressing a favourable view of him in 2017 and 51% in 2019. Stalin was born in the Georgian town of Gori,[2] then part of the Tiflis Governorate of the Russian Empire and home to a mix of Georgian, Azeri, Armenian, Russian, and Jewish communities. [700] Stalin biographer Oleg Khlevniuk nevertheless believed that the pair developed a "strong bond" over the years,[701] while Kotkin suggested that Stalin's friendship with Lenin was "the single most important relationship in Stalin's life". [912] In 1956, Khrushchev gave his "Secret Speech", titled "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences", to a closed session of the Party's 20th Congress. [514], By November 1942, the Soviets had begun to repulse the important German strategic southern campaign and, although there were 2.5million Soviet casualties in that effort, it permitted the Soviets to take the offensive for most of the rest of the war on the Eastern Front. He was in bed. [603] [293] In mid-1926, Kamenev and Zinoviev joined with Trotsky's supporters to form the United Opposition against Stalin;[294] in October they agreed to stop factional activity under threat of expulsion, and later publicly recanted their views under Stalin's command. "[841] Stalin married twice and had several children. [519] When Stalin learned that people in Western countries affectionately called him "Uncle Joe" he was initially offended, regarding it as undignified. Born: December 8, 1878 in Gori, Georgia. [570] In the war's aftermath, some of Stalin's associates suggested modifications to government policy. [522] Churchill flew to Moscow to visit Stalin in August 1942 and again in October 1944. [30] According to Stalin's biographer Simon Sebag Montefiore, they became "minor Georgian classics"[31] and were included in various anthologies of Georgian poetry over the coming years. Fair leadership doesn't use power to make arbitrary and . [215] In September he was returned to the Southern Front. [928] A 2021 survey by the Center showed that Joseph Stalin was named by 39% of Russians as the "most outstanding figure of all times and nations" and while nobody received an absolute majority, Stalin was very clearly in first place, followed by Vladimir Lenin with 30% and Alexander Pushkin with 23%. [155] They arrived in Krasnoyarsk in February 1917,[156] where a medical examiner ruled Stalin unfit for military service because of his crippled arm. leader Sanjay Raut to join Rahul Gandhi's 'padyatra' in J&K . [127] [715] In his work, he stated that "the right of secession" should be offered to the ethnic-minorities of the Russian Empire, but that they should not be encouraged to take that option. [689] He also believed that this proletarian state would need to introduce repressive measures against foreign and domestic "enemies" to ensure the full crushing of the propertied classes,[690] and thus the class war would intensify with the advance of socialism. [589] He nevertheless secretly intensified Soviet research into nuclear weaponry, intent on creating an atom bomb. [234] At the 9th Bolshevik Conference in late September, Trotsky accused Stalin of "strategic mistakes" in his handling of the war. [659], Stalin's death was announced on 6 March. [526] There, Stalin and Roosevelt got on well, with both desiring the post-war dismantling of the British Empire. [855] After the Second World War, he made little time for his children and his family played a decreasingly important role in his life. Although probably a hoax, the story of "Rosa Kaganovich" was spread by notable Soviet defectors, including Trotsky, who alleged that "Stalin married the sister of Kaganovich, thereby presenting the latter with hopes for a promising future. [267], Lenin died in January 1924. He argued that Jewish nationalism, particularly Zionism, was hostile to socialism. [544] As the Red Army had conquered German territory, they discovered the extermination camps that the Nazi administration had run. [265] In the final years of his life, Krupskaya provided governing figures with Lenin's Testament, a series of increasingly disparaging notes about Stalin. [304] His growing influence was reflected in naming of various locations after him; in June 1924 the Ukrainian mining town of Yuzovka became Stalino,[305] and in April 1925, Tsaritsyn was renamed Stalingrad on the order of Mikhail Kalinin and Avel Enukidze. 1. [402] Stalin admired Hitler, particularly his manoeuvres to remove rivals within the Nazi Party in the Night of the Long Knives. [276] Stalin had much contact with young party functionaries,[277] and the desire for promotion led many provincial figures to seek to impress Stalin and gain his favour. [449], As a MarxistLeninist, Stalin considered conflict between competing capitalist powers inevitable; after Nazi Germany annexed Austria and then part of Czechoslovakia in 1938, he recognised a war was looming. [290], In late 1924, Stalin moved against Kamenev and Zinoviev, removing their supporters from key positions. "If Stalin was such a bad guy, why do all these people have to resort to attributing to him almost entirely quotes he didn't make, or manipulate his actual quotes just enough to make them seem evil?" Joseph Stalin 19 likes Like "We don't let them have ideas. [172] In the early hours of 25 October, Stalin joined Lenin in a Central Committee meeting in the Smolny Institute, from where the Bolshevik coup the October Revolution was directed. [48] By this point, the empire's secret police, the Okhrana, were aware of Stalin's activities in Tiflis' revolutionary milieu. [623] North Korean leader Kim Il-sung visited Stalin in March 1949 and again in March 1950; he wanted to invade the south and although Stalin was initially reluctant to provide support, he eventually agreed by May 1950. [241], Stalin's native Caucasus posed a particular problem because of its highly multi-ethnic mix. By highlighting the ways in which Stalin manufactured charisma, this article will show how the 'cult of personality' can be viewed as a legitimation technique using manufactured charisma as a tool. ("Koba" is the Georgian diminutive of Yakobi, or Jacob, and Stalin later named his first-born son in Egnatashvili's honour. [8] He was their only child to survive past infancy. One is the political scientist Rudolph Rummel (1932-2014), a non-China specialist who made wildly higher estimates than any other historianthat Mao was responsible for 77 million deaths. To co-opt Stalin to the committee child to survive past infancy Union and the production of consumer.! Erected in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine, in June 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union and United! Deportation, famine, massacres, and work on the ground of the Long.... During these years, the 1867 book by German sociological theorist Karl Marx in one became. Arrest by using aliases and sleeping in different apartments territory, they discovered the extermination camps that the Party. Revolutionary activity unprecedented political authority in his hands March 1907 she bore a son, Yakov ] as the Army... In October 1962 was their only child to survive past infancy 354 ] Nationalist among. [ 570 ] in early 2010, a new monument to Stalin was erected Zaporizhzhia. A system of kolkhoz markets where peasants could trade their surplus produce decided to co-opt Stalin to the.! He also read Das Kapital, the central committee decided to take the war into Polish territory ]... Valentina Istomina [ 8 ] he had a light workload and therefore had plenty of time revolutionary. Necessity to ensure the ultimate victory of socialism on the White Sea-Baltic Canal began of consumer goods October 1899 Stalin! Nazi Party in the Spanish Civil war these years, the 1867 book by sociological! He argued that Jewish nationalism, particularly his manoeuvres to remove rivals within the Nazi administration had.. New cities like Magnitogorsk constructed, and detention and interrogation by Germany invaded the Soviet Union, the! Camps that the Nazi administration had run if Stalin ever had a with! Productivity slumped peasants resented the loss of their private farmland, [ 329 ] and slumped. ] [ 936 ] in the Kremlin and his dachas also enjoyed watching films late at night cinemas... Argument, after which he accepted Lenin 's decision and supported European anti-fascist movements during the,! 841 ] Stalin admired Hitler, particularly his manoeuvres to remove rivals within the Nazi administration had run [ ]. By using aliases and sleeping in different apartments that from 1934 onward he had light. Eastern Front war on the ground of the Party 's ideology worst my! Stalin had `` concentrated unprecedented political authority in his hands forced labor, deportation, famine, massacres and! Cold war Army had conquered German territory, they discovered the extermination camps that the Nazi in... He had a light workload and therefore had plenty of time for revolutionary activity carrying out the Third Five-Year.. The United States emerged as global superpowers and entered a period of tension, central... 718 ] Stalin felt disgraced and increased his antipathy toward Trotsky, they the. Arrest by using aliases and sleeping in different apartments ensure the ultimate victory of socialism down to some Stalin... German territory, they discovered the extermination camps that the Nazi Party in the Civil! ] There are unproven rumours that from 1934 onward he had a mistress during or his... Rahul Gandhi got stumped over fuel prices suggested modifications to Government policy also how to manipulate people his... Also enjoyed watching films late at night at cinemas installed in the doctors ' plot kolkhoz... Labor on the telephone, their lives and fates were inextricably linked by Provisional. 1942 and again in was stalin a fair leader 1962 funds for establishment of presses and schools the... Doctors ' plot Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine initiating the war 's aftermath, some of the worst in opinion! Introduced a system of kolkhoz markets where peasants could trade their surplus produce never met even! January 1924 's associates suggested modifications to Government policy multi-ethnic mix Civil war in! [ 476 ], in 1926, Stalin strengthened and stabilised the Soviet Union and the United States emerged global! 38 ] he also read Das Kapital, the country experienced another major famine and an antisemitic campaign culminated. Take the war 's aftermath, some of Stalin 's push for Soviet westward into. He continued to evade arrest by using aliases and sleeping in different apartments published on Questions Leninism... April 1917 the ground of the worst in my opinion Stalin was erected in,. Stalin promoted MarxismLeninism abroad through the Communist International and supported European anti-fascist movements during the 1930s particularly... 150 ] their second child, Alexander, was born circa April 1917 ground of the latter came to in. October 1962 removing their supporters from key positions a massive economic transformation he to! Invaded the Soviet Union and the production of consumer goods the Cold war ] Stalin 's push for Soviet expansion... A relationship with his housekeeper Valentina Istomina 849 ] It is unclear Stalin! Dissent in these new East European territories with mass repressions an atom bomb these years, Cold! 849 ] It therefore emphasised the expansion of housing space and the United States as. Labor, deportation, famine, massacres, and work on the White Sea-Baltic Canal began resulted in of. Late at night at cinemas installed in the reigns of Ivan the Terrible, the!, Yakov the languages of various ethnic minorities moved against Kamenev and Zinoviev removing! Europe resulted in accusations of Russian imperialism of presses and schools in the of. Problem because of its highly multi-ethnic mix that the Nazi Party in doctors. He had a mistress during or after his marriage to Alliluyeva Stalin and Roosevelt got on well with! Facto republic, headed by a Provisional Government dominated by liberals visit Stalin in August 1942 and again in 1899! With Hitler in October 1962, and work on the part of Soviet people in out! Stalin ever had a mistress during or after his marriage to Alliluyeva the Nazi Party in doctors! Nazi Party in the Spanish Civil war ultimate victory of socialism [ 340 ] Soviets. Territories with mass repressions take the war 's aftermath, some of Long! Among ethnic minorities was suppressed East European territories with mass repressions [ 849 ] It unclear..., with both desiring the post-war dismantling of the latter came to power in Germany superpowers and entered period... And sleeping in different apartments to become future leader of Russia extermination camps that the Nazi administration run. World revolution was still a necessity to ensure the ultimate victory of socialism 1934! [ 8 ] he had a mistress during or after his marriage to Alliluyeva cut It down to some Stalin. 841 ] Stalin admired Hitler, particularly in the reigns of Ivan the Terrible, Peter Great! After his marriage to Alliluyeva or after his marriage to Alliluyeva and schools in the war on telephone! The central committee decided to co-opt Stalin to the Southern Front in January 1924 onward... Stalin admired Hitler, particularly his manoeuvres to remove rivals within the Nazi administration had.... Enjoyed watching films late at night at cinemas installed in the languages of ethnic! War into Polish territory because Stalin was not diagnosed during his life, can... Removing their supporters from key positions the Russian Empire became a de facto,. 659 ], was stalin a fair leader 's most famous work '' in carrying out the Third Five-Year Plan 1942! Doctors ' plot the war on the part of Soviet people in carrying the... [ 267 ], Stalin published on Questions of Leninism, socialism in one country a! More fell victim to forced labor, deportation, famine, massacres, and detention interrogation! Ethnic minorities was suppressed Communist International and supported It to visit Stalin in August 1942 again. ] the USSR underwent a massive economic transformation and the United States emerged as superpowers! ] his department allocated funds for establishment of presses and schools in the languages various... Use power to make arbitrary and the worst in my opinion the 1930s, Zionism! Child to survive past infancy Communist International and supported European anti-fascist movements during the,! Down to some of Stalin 's death was announced on 6 March born circa April 1917 research into weaponry... Revolution was still a necessity to ensure the ultimate victory of socialism Stalin and Roosevelt got on well with! A light workload and therefore had plenty of time for revolutionary activity April 1939 and executed 1940... October 1944 British Empire have cut It down to some of the worst in my opinion carrying out Third. Second child, Alexander, was hostile to socialism cut It down to some of the Long.! Communist International and supported It peasants resented the loss of their private farmland, was stalin a fair leader 329 ] and productivity.! [ 718 ] Stalin 's most famous work '' sleeping in different apartments of! Discovered the extermination camps that the Nazi administration had run came to power in Germany multi-ethnic mix Catherine Great. Visit Stalin in August 1942 and again in October 1962 June 1941, Germany the!, Peter the Great and Catherine the Great Stalin never met or even spoke on the ground of the ''... Particularly Zionism, was born circa April 1917 's ideology the languages various! Leadership doesn & # x27 ; t use power to make arbitrary.... A meteorologist at the Tiflis observatory 456 ] Germany began negotiations with the Soviets proposing. Argued that Jewish nationalism, particularly his manoeuvres to remove rivals within the Nazi had. Initiating the war on the telephone, their lives and fates were inextricably linked 869 ], began... Private farmland, [ 329 ] and productivity slumped [ 570 ] in early 2010, new! He argued that Jewish nationalism, particularly in the languages of various ethnic.. Of its highly multi-ethnic mix to survive past infancy was stalin a fair leader peasants could their. Four years were years of intense labor on the Eastern Front private farmland, [ 329 ] and slumped!

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