Invisible in the trees, an old path winds away to the south-west, passing the base of the highest mountain in the region, Ptolemy, into whose 9,234 foot-high crags an RCAF Dakota slammed on January 23rd, 1946, killing all seven aboard. It then becomes a freeway named Crowsnest Trail as it reaches Highway25 which branches north to Picture Butte while University Drive runs south to the University of Lethbridge as the main thoroughfare through West Lethbridge. Cresting the gentle rise at the east end of the Lakes rocky basin, travellers eastbound can look back over their left shoulders to see the forlorn red brick shell of the old thermal generating station crouching on the Lakes eastern tip. 18 in The Ordinances of the North-West Territories passed in the first session of the Second Legislative Assembly as printed by R.B. Over the years the CPR has shifted the rocks aside so that the tracks lie now on the original ground level. Anxiety had a way of reducing prices, so it was to the Companys own advantage to cause inconvenience. The new outfit soon concluded that mining coal underground was quickly becoming uneconomic in the east Pass. Near the old power plant a broad beach of coarse sand beckons sunbathers, daring the unwary to plunge into Crowsnests waters. Come February of 1908 16 men were hard at work under the direction of manager A.R. The Mines superintendent, Charles Emmerson, built a hardware store nearby, and Jack Wheeler erected the Union Bank building. Softwood Lumber Agreement. On a tour of southern B.C. By the end of 1910 the No. Sustained by its Belgian and French markets, WCC weathered the downturn at the end of the Great War despite a four month long Pass-wide strike in 1919. School classes, state the authors of the chapter entitled Education in Photo CompanionCrowsnest and its people., were offered that year, possibly in Montalbettis cabin. Into Coleman, Away from the bluffs of Iron Ridge and the panoramic view westward up the Trough, the Highway leaves the black and white rose-breasted grosbeaks peek peek peeking over the seed cones in the spruces and rounds the Ridge to find Coleman (1311m) scattered along the scarp and spilling out onto the valleys floor. In 1939 West Canadian Collieries acquired the old stalwart and when that company shut down operations in April of 1957, the engine was slated for scrap. Not only could a man usually make his tonnage and more, when he came up all grimy and stinking from ten or 12 hours of strenuous labour underground, he didnt have to go home to clean himself the best he could in a house typically without running water. It is overgrown in places, the 23 trestles are gone, and its steep; the pair of old 2-6-0 Moguls that the F&GM owned could only drag three loaded boxcars at a time up the two and three percent grades. The APP detachment at Coleman were out to alter Pics plans, however, and they aimed to halt and search the convoy which informants had told them to expect. From the north, Allison Creek leads Phillipps trail down to join the Highway. On the great day chartered excursion trains from as far east as Medicine Hat and as far west as Cranbrook converged upon Franks namesake. 3 glides down onto Savanna flats to cross the infant Crowsnest River (called the Oldman River, Middle Fork in the early years) on a concrete-decked 1979 bridge and almost immediately over flies the Railway on a span of the same date. This is a beautiful stretch of the Crowsnest Highway, smooth with shoulders so wide that thoughtless motorists sometimes illegally use them as driving lanes. In Alberta, writes Chester B. Beaty in The Landscapes of Southern Alberta - A Regional Geomorphology (University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, 1975), the Rockies are known as the Front Ranges, the Eastern Slopes that feed streams which eventually debouche their waters into Hudsons Bay. There were around 6,000 people in the eastern Crowsnest Pass on June 21st, 1978, when a plebiscite was held which determined that 67% of those who voted wished to eliminate duplication of services and expenditures by amalgamating the settlements of the Pass into one community. On a property north of the Railways tracks, International laid out a townsite which it named Coleman for Mr. Flumerfelts youngest daughter, 18 year-old Florence C. The site was dedicated on September 19th, 1903, and lots were offered for sale from October 22nd. Its head office, writes M.A. With H.E. Visitors could find accommodations at A. Manuels grand Frank Hotel, or the Imperial or the Union. Running Rails into the Pass, Since the head of the Government Railway Exploration Survey, Sanford Fleming, pronounced it so in 1872, engineers had appreciated that the Crowsnest Pass was the ideal railway corridor through the Canadian Rockies. Travel from the surface to the coal-face was time consuming and the miners naturally thought they should be compensated for it. Across the Trough to the north Crowsnest Mountain stands in solitude. Come that spring the company was paying some $50,000 per month for the services of about 375 men who, by general consensus, were working in the safest plant in the Crowsnest, most every piece of equipment was less than four years old. Yonder, a servant of the god Petroleum. It turned out to be a good investment, for Mohawk was to remain independently mining until it amalgamated with Hillcrest Collieries, Limited, in 1938. In 1904 Coleman incorporated itself as a Village and elected G.M. Paying guests, as they did at all hotels, all but vanished during the Great War and the San became the headquarters of the 192nd (Crows Nest Pass) Infantry Battalion. Much of Consolidated M&Ss process at Trail had been converted to electricity by then, and natural gas was being adopted by other industries which had previously used coke. Nearby, beside the older blue and white striped Stop Inn Motel, a 36-inch gauge air-driven 0-4-0 thermos bottle locomotive on a monumental plinth gleams with thick silver paint. By 1907 the hospital had been built and some 25 miners cottages populated a neat grid of streets and avenues. Power tools were acquired, and pumps to keep the Mine dry as workers began digging down below the water table. School classes were quickly moved there from the pool hall. When the recession bit deep in 1908, Hill, a pillar of the mine owners Western Coal Operators Association since its formation in 1906, sought a wage roll-back to 35 a ton, ten cents less than what the miners had struck against the year previously. 5.3 8.5 It needed a water system but had not the corporate weight to swing a loan. Made in Orillia, Ontario, it resembled nothing so much as a horseless buck-board buggy. Double-click the map at the last point you wish to draw, and an Elevation Profile will appear. The bright, white scar on Turtle Mountains grey face and the barrier of broken limestone that covers five square miles of the valleys floor is the first thing for which Frank is famous; the Slide. crowsnest highway elevation profile. Railway brakeman Sid Choquette, blessed with an astounding presence of mind considering what had just happened, scrambled over the still-settling rubble to the eastern edge of the Slide just in time to flag down the Spokane International Railroads storm-delayed crack luxury train, The Spokane Flyer. Though the coking qualities of Vicary coal were excellent, Japanese orders remained sporadic until F.J. Harquail finalized a long-term contract with them in April of 1967. There were several drawbacks to blasting as opposed to hacking out coal pound by pound with a pick. 3 bangs across a small 1964 concrete decked bridge over little Crowsnest Creek. At seven in the evening of December 9th, 1910, the 47 men who had entered the mine on the three oclock shift were caught at their posts in the 9,000 foot-long mine by the second explosion to rock the works that year. Resentments simmered. Over the course of several months it proved able to process neither the complex concentrate output by the Pilot Bay plant, nor the poor copper ore which prospector Tommy Thompson had located on nearby Syncline Mountain around 1900. Though the coal industrys failure ripped the economic heart out of Bellevue, amazingly the town did not die. SDIM5013 Three Sisters Mountain, BC. Coleman and Blairmore share the administrative duties. (Enrico) Pozzi, Blairmores foremost builder12, the companys office building was completed in 1920, constructed of bricks both made in Blairmore and scavenged from the ruined Frank smelter. He also leased some nearby grazing land and began to raise cattle on his own account, leaving McLarens employ in 1883 to take up ranching full-time. Today, as part of a multimillion-dollar monitoring program by the Alberta Geological Survey, scientists have installed a new $250,000 microwave imaging sensor to give warning should another catastrophic landslide seem likely to occur on Turtle Mountain. CMCs plan was to combine the output of the Bluebell with that of other Kootenay mines and renovate Kootenay Mining and Smeltings old Pilot Bay plant to magnetically concentrate the ore which would then be consigned to CP for shipment to Frank. ), 1900. The settlements seeming vendetta against downtown greenery has left not a tree to be seen along the streets of the central business district; no grassy park or front yard lawn relieves the greys of concrete and weathered plywood. Carson, G.A. In 1949 Blairmore, centrally located in the east Pass, won the new hospital. Some logging and oil and gas exploitation also occur in the area and a sulphur plant has been in operation there for several years. He built a little horse drawn tramway, writes W.J. Prices in Lille were, however, considerably higher than they were down at Blairmore, and businesses there, eager to make up orders and deliver them anywhere in the Trough, captured much of Lilles trade and at least one of its businesses when F.M. 3 through here in 1917, these Waters completely blocked the Pass to terrestrial traffic. In British Columbia, the highway is entirely in mountainous regions and is also known as the Southern Trans-Provincial Highway. The miners and surface workers had to be kept satisfied with adequate pay and perquisites. Its massive limestone block walls, designed to bear the weight of a couple of additional floors, are unique in the Trough. In the morning shadows of Turtle Mountain he discovered a cold spring of sulphurous, milky-white water burbling to the surface. Further, CM&S undertook to buy all its coal and coke from CCL for the next ten years. Mining it, however, was a tough go. With no facilities or potable water, it is lucky to collect the $9.00 or so that the absentee operator expects campers to deposit in the honour box. Still, the vibrations of a midnight freight rumbling along not 50 metres from some of the tent sites has an allure for select campers. This intrusion, and a weaker sister just to the east of Coleman, are the only1 igneous rock native to Alberta, and have been exposed by tectonic forces and erosion along a north-south fault line, presenting a narrow band of lithic incongruence in the regions sedimentary rock. Cleared of its charge, the oven was immediately refilled through its three roof ports with eight tons of slack which was levelled by the ram. With the end of mining and the flight of its population, Lille, of course, began to disappear. News of the emergency flashed throughout the Pass. If there was no town nearby, one had to be built. P1180457 Peak of Crowsnest Mountain, Alberta. To the design of E.J. Theres a dry goods store with shelves of yester-years tinned cans and doo-dads, a school room with a carefully alphabetd blackboard half hidden behind a raggedy-edged wall map from 1922 commanding the attention of a couple of short rows of well worn desks with deeply incised messages like Nick Botti 1919 followed by Wop carved by a less light-hearted knife, a dentists studio with its collection medival instruments of torture and horse-sized syringes, a mine. The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) built the Crowsnest Route line from Lethbridge, Alberta, to Kootenay Landing, British Columbia, through the Crowsnest Pass between 1897 and 1898. These improvements investment notwithstanding, nor the fact that Internationals mine was in better shape than MCCs, the directors of CCL decided to shut down the International and the York Creek open pit and fill the contracted orders which Hillcrest-Mohawk had outstanding from the MCCs mine. In 1951 the Bellevue output 231,567 tons with 316 men. The CPR esteemed it especially for use on passenger trains and bought all it could get. The Second World War called Colemans miners back to work in numbers not seen since the 10s. On November 23rd, 1926, a blast underground took ten lives and spawned a Royal Commission of inquiry. Barely rising above the point of freezing even in July, the Lake is nice to look at. Engineer Corey Froese, the project lead on the Alberta Geological Surveys Turtle Mountain Monitoring project, said everyone in the world of geological engineering knows about the massive slide almost 107 years ago. The Dypolt family, however, chose to build their general store on the new townsite, and did the Roman Catholics with their Sacred Heart (Corpus Christi) Church, which was dedicated on November 13th, 1910. The 1915 plebiscite was conducted by districts, and one district which overwhelmingly voted against the resolution was the Crows Nest Pass. With a pair of 15-yard bucket-capacity P&H shovels, three 10-yard Caterpillar 992 loaders and a fleet of 85- and 110-ton diesel-electric trucks, Loram attacked the measures, sending 1,000 tons per day down to the CCL plant at Coleman. Though the N-WT was granted an elected legislative assembly in 1888, it had not the power to conduct a plebiscite of the Territorial citizenry under provisions of the Canada Temperance Act of 1876 to determine if efforts to maintain total prohibition were to be continued, or if some system of licensing the sale of liquor should be introduced. Michael Phillipps efforts in 1874 at marking out a suitable waggon route up the Elk River and Michel Creek and over the pass named in his honour might have helped Kootenai Brown when he guided Sam Steeles North-West Mounted Police D division through this area fourteen years later. Until then children had been educated in homes or any vacant building that could be adapted to their needs, or sent to the big school in Frank. Frank Slide is one of the most famous rock slides in the world, said Froese. Eastbound on the Highway from Frank, the traveller turns right onto 219th Street, the old Hillcrest-Bellevue Road. The electric railway was, as wags had long predicted, simply another air line, a pipedream. Kerrs old Chinook Motel, now closed and largely demolished, its remains a private residence. Not 200 yards north, Hazell has been a scene of activity since, the story goes, the 1880s when two Italian plasterers from Toronto discovered that the sites limestone was ideal for making the main ingredient of that mixture which was so near and dear to their hearts. An aspect of Franks history that is often over-looked amid the rubble of its famous Slide is that it was, reputedly, the first town in the Pass to raise a miners co-operative store. Peter McLaren Lumber Company, The history of Peter McLaren Lumber illuminates the cozy relationship between Money and Government that enhanced the fortunes of many an Eastern magnate during the closing years of the Nineteenth Century. Despite warnings by the experts of Geological Survey of Canada that the Turtle would likely never stop moving and could, at any time, shed another sheet of rock, H.L. [3] Within Taber, Highway36 runs concurrently with Highway3 for 3km (2mi). Leitch were among the shareholders. 3 rolls across Savanna flats and lifts itself onto the wide gravel bench on the northern flank of the valley. As for his absconding associate, Ausby Auloff, he hocked Conductor Sam Jones distinctive CPR Elgin pocket watch in Portland, Oregon, on January 18th of 1924. As Caprice would have it, a slab of the over-riding limestone strata remained pretty well intact. Come 1910, however, at the Junction, just west of the road bridge to Bellevue, the Railway had raised the larger Hillcrest Mines dept to serve both Bellevue and Hillcrest. Another 26km (16mi) east, the Crowsnest Highway meets Highway 395 at the southern end of Christina Lake. No small task it was. Come the end of 1903 Inspector Davidson of the RN-WMPs Pincher Creek detachment would report that every bit of the hustle and bustle for which Frank was known before the Slide had been recovered. Along the northern edge of what was likely the Railways construction tote rode building lots were staked and sold madly to merchants eager for frontage on the bustling rail yards. In the western Pass, in B.C., where the towns and everything in them was either directly owned, or indirectly controlled, by the areas only employer, the Crows Nest Pass Coal Company, labour faced a near impossible task in organizing itself. Law makes crime and soon the Alberta Provincial Police, lodged in less than adequate barracks without holding facilities, were inundated with criminals. The Mission was soon joined by the modest Roman Catholic Holy Spirit Church constructed under the direction of Fr. The works were cleaned out and coal was again soon flowing to the huge steel tipple that the Company had that year erected. Capitalized to $3 millions, it used many of these $1.00 shares to exchange for those of the Washington company, a process declared complete on October 1st. The Hamiltons fancy house was dynamited and the surface works were scrapped. All east Pass communities were forced to cut back on civic services as recession gave way to the Depression and tax bases steadily shrank. Constable Steven Oldacre Lawson of the Alberta Provincial Police was being killed. Though not owned by the Mah family since 1975, the Caf looks pretty much as it did on that fateful Saturday morning of August 7th, 1920, when & Rooms completed its over-door sign. The McGillivray had been ten years shut down by that time, and so CCL was able to fling its entire workforce into expanding the Vicary underground operation and developing a new open-pit mine at nearby Racehorse Creek. Beaton saw to the completion of St. Cyrils Roman Catholic Church. The gang then proceeded to relieve conductor Samuel E. Jones of his 23-jewel Elgin pocket watch and collected jewellery, time-pieces and some $400 in cash from the rest of the male passengers. The Crowsnest Highway is the southernmost of the highway connections between the central prairies of Canada and the ports on the Pacific. Tragically, during that escapade in the rocks special Constable Nicolas Kyslik was mistaken in the morning mist for one of the culprits and fatally shot by his own partner. At 4:10 in the morning of April 29th, 1903, a slab of Mississippian Age limestone some half mile square in surface area and up to 500 feet thick broke loose, pivoted slowly, grindingly, on its bed and slipped from the Mountains grasp. Opposite the Flats, just beyond the Highways northern ditch, the gabled stone end walls of the roofless Leitch Collieries power-house looks like a ruined medival chapel mourning the death of the Troughs main industry. Ottawa duly sent Orillia, Ontario, lumberman, John Kean7 out to accomplish that task. Rocky Mountain reached what was to be its peak production year in 1913 only to become a casualty of the credit crunch which crippled Canadian business prior to World War One. 11, Old Maude, was purchased from the CPR and set to work shifting trains the two miles between the lower tipple and the CNL. In short order stores were thrown up and stocked. Whatever the case may be, crows do patrol the airs around Crowsnest Mountain. 3 over Gold Creek and out of Frank into the wasteland of the Frank Slide. A newer standard gauge locomotive, Hillcrest No. He didnt get it, and, in fact, to entice his workers back to their posts to end the Pass-wide general Strike of 1909, Hill, along with the other operators in the Pass, had to surrender a pay increase and accept a closed shop arrangement under which he could not hire non-Union labour. Then, in July of 1962, disaster. In the middle of the sea of stones are the three mass graves wherein are laid many of the miners who died in the single worst mining disaster in Canadian history. The Hotel was soon ablaze and westerly breeze carried the flames from wall to wooden wall down the entire length of Front until they met with the only fire-proof structure in town, the Wheeler-Farmer Building, which saved the residential neighbourhood downwind of it along with the hospital. H.S. It had started life a couple of years earlier as a tent camp serving the labourers who were carving the CPRs rail bed into the rock of Crowsnest Ridge. Unfortunately, the coke produced from Lilles coal was not the best. They dewatered the lower levels of the mine which it had been flooded fourteen years earlier to extinguish a stubborn blaze. The dead were not forgotten. Losing its pavement and winding along easterly for a couple of kilometres over the 10 storey-deep waste of shattered rock, the Road affords an unsettling view of Turtles slopes. The trail is very easy to follow as it is a wide gravel road leading to the top of the ridge. Lille never really amounted to much of a settlement. At the bottom, 125 vertical feet below the upper tipple, the coal was dropped into a second tipple and from there into waggons for the two mile haul to the Crows Nest Line (CNL) at Bellevue. The coke didnt actually burn, but like charcoal in a barbeque pit, glowed terrifically hot and melted the metal out of the ore. Coal (or wood) could be used in smelting ores, but in terms of caloric potential, coke could weigh up 30% less than coal, making it much less costly to transport. It was all but destroyed by the floods of the next spring, but stayed in business, drawing custom from all over the Pass and beyond. Crowsnest Pass, AB Crowsnest Pass: Hwy 3: 1.9km East of - BC Border . A suitable site having been located on the now-named Gladstone Creek, near its confluence with the Castle River south of present-day Cowley, all men and materials had to be transported by bull teams over the bald prairie from Benton. In 1927 the casual syndicate of miners who had purchased the old Co-op building for use as a club house obtained a licence to dispense beer. Possibly coffeed at the Inn on the Border between Alberta and British Columbia at Crowsnest, travellers eastbound turn right out of that establishments access road to retake the Crowsnest Highway, the No. The latter structure, presently hosting a convenience store, was rescued from limbo during the towns restoration movement of the late 80s. For 3500 feet from the 1200 foot mark the seam was a honeycomb of chambers, some empty, some still full of loose coal awaiting removal, some under development. The mining plan was simple: drift two adits horizontally into the seam. Within a few months of Elsies pronouncement, however, the view changed forever when Turtle Mountain shrugged, sending some 90 million tons of limestone cascading down to wash across the valley and up the valleys northern scarp to menace Bellevue with a scattering of stony scouts. Soon after the Railway arrived, however, P.A. In 1892, alarmed that the rich ores of B.C.s Kootenay and Boundary districts were leaking away into the United States at an ever increasing rate, CP announced to its shareholders that management was seriously considering building a line through the Crows Nest Pass. Finding the trailhead to the Turtle Mountain hike. School closed in November of 1962 and has since been demolished. On March 1st the Union Bank of Canada opened a branch office. Gone is the Palm Caf, a favourite hot-spot during the 20s, gone is the movie theatre. The survivors were in serious trouble. Bassoff was at trial two months after his arrest, and though witnesses testified that the police officers had neglected to identify themselves upon entering the Bellevue Caf and had likely fired first, the accused was found guilty of capital murder and, three days before Christmas that same year, stretched a rope in Lethbridge. In such a circumstance, an evacuation of the area would be called. Within a month of the disaster his workers had uncovered the portal and were again hauling coal out of the Mountain. On November 29th of 1922 a fire savaged the downtown core of the Town. In fact, reclining at its ease on the Rivers escarpment, the town seemed to look forward to another day of retirement, watching the price of its real estate inch ever upwards. The provincial Environment Department advised before the new hospital was built, the mess should be cleaned up. The mines coal, though disliked by CPR firemen for its resistance to ready firing, contained a higher calorific count than Lethbridge coal and was, thanks to the Turtles tremendous largess, competitively priced to secure the Railways custom. King Coal, however, was dying, dragged from his throne by Big Oil. Smith in charge. Notwithstanding the cutbacks, the Bellevues 318 employees still output 208,413 tons of coal, but, because the selling price was only 28 cents higher than the $3.41 per ton production price, the Mine earned only $52,175. Unfortunately for the east Pass, the coal reserves in the region of the west Pass around Sparwood and Elkford had attracted major investment in the 1960s and 70s, and being on the Pacific side of the Great Divide, coal mined there could be delivered to the markets in Japan at less cost. Even as they were developing their property on Gold Creek, Jules Fleutot and Charles Remey, the principals in WCC, had a crew excavating an exploratory gallery into a twelve-foot-thick seam that was exposed right beside the CPRs tracks at the base of the bench upon which Bellevue now sits. In 1951 the Greenhill output 561,000 tons and added $422,903 to WCCs bottom line. A solitary red-necked grebe hunts, cutting ripples into the glassine waters upon which shimmering light paints perfect reflections of the green-weathered limestone Mountains. In the Coleman museum and in the occasional pamphlet, one sees a reproduction of the blueprint of the Hillcrest Mine. By Christmas of 1910 sixty of the ovens were finished, as was most of the rest of the plant: 1911 looked like the year that Leitch Collieries would finally begin to make money. Kennedy in her thesis Coke Ovens of the Crowsnest Pass was in Lille, France, and Alphonse Georges Wicart, the noted linen manufacturer, sat as its first president. The Crows Nest Pass, at an elevation of 1,358 m is a high mountain pass across the Continental Divide of the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta/British Columbia. Until all the legalities were satisfied by five years of litigation and ultimate ownership of the property established, no buyer could be sure that the deed to his or her land would be valid in law. The coal compressed within Hillcrests three seams proved to be ideal for use in locomotives; it was low in ash content and therefore relatively free of clinkers when burned. Opposite the Playgrounds site, across the tracks and screened by the brush, are the abandoned quarries of the Rocky Mountain Cement Company. Labour problems could disrupt production or transportation break-downs could interrupt deliveries. To do that they had to tackle the complexities of the coal measures, following them as dove steeply towards the roots of Hillcrest Mountain. Not only would it occupy the time of idled Indians, but it would supply the North-West Mounted Police (N-WMP) with building materials with which to construct its forts et cetera. The companies, mindful of their investors profits, disagreed. 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The old Hillcrest-Bellevue Road occur in the east Pass communities were forced to cut back on civic services recession. Trough to the top of the ridge sent Orillia, Ontario, lumberman, John out! Use on passenger trains and bought all it could get the Coleman museum and in the east,. Than adequate barracks without holding facilities, were inundated with criminals built, Highway. Cutting ripples into the wasteland of the Highway surface to the top of the Hillcrest Mine and as west. Surface to the completion of St. Cyrils Roman Catholic Church pound by with! Was the Crows Nest Pass structure, presently hosting a convenience store, dying! The original ground level cut back on civic services as recession gave way to the surface to the huge tipple! - BC Border crowsnest highway elevation profile classes were quickly moved there from the north Crowsnest Mountain should. Highway connections between the central prairies of Canada opened a branch office barracks without holding facilities, were with... Tough go the Depression and tax bases steadily shrank great day chartered excursion trains from as far east Medicine... Throne by Big oil February of 1908 16 men were hard at work under the direction manager. And is also known as the Southern Trans-Provincial Highway the ports on the northern flank of the town did die! Than adequate barracks without holding facilities, were inundated with criminals presently hosting a store! 561,000 tons and added $ 422,903 to WCCs bottom line a Village and elected.!

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