Following its introduction, McDonnell Douglas received frequent reports of problems with the rear cargo door, especially its electric latch actuators. Mr. Junichi Goto, 23, bank management trainee Mrs. Aliye Filiz Kapur, 29, married, one child, engineer and her son Bazak Kerime, 2 Mr. Hiroshi Ishibashi, 23, trading company management trainee 3 March 1974; THY Turkish Airlines DC10; TC-JAV; flight 981; near Paris, France: The aircraft was a scheduled international flight from Paris to London. The locking pins then ran into the sides of the flanges and stopped, the torque tube bent downward in the middle, the locking handle moved into the locked position, and the cockpit warning light went out. However, earlier in 1972, they had run into an unexpected hiccup. Mr. Ivor John Bradley, 46, married, two children, marketing director This defective closing of the door resulted from a combination of various factors: Finally although there was apparent redundancy of the flight control systems, the fact that the pressure relief vents between the cargo compartment and the passenger cabin were inadequate and that all the flight control cables were routed beneath the floor placed the aircraft in grave danger in the case of any sudden depressurization causing substantial damage to that part of the structure. . Of course, he could not have known that the consequences would be fatal. Mrs. Gaynor Mary Osborne, 26, married, teacher To the NTSBs surprise, however, the FAA declined to mandate either of its proposed changes. Nevertheless, nothing was done to change the design, presumably because the cost for any such changes would have been borne as out-of-pocket expenses by the fuselage's subcontractor, Convair. This action left many United Kingdom-bound passengers stranded in Europe. Upon closing the DC-10s cargo door, hook-shaped latches attached to the bottom of the door grasp round latch spools attached to the doorframe. [2][8] Also on board was Georgina Forester, a model who had recently married and who was daughter of John Youens, the then-Chaplain-General of the British Army. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 took off from stanbul at 07:57 local time and landed at Orly Airport at 11:02 local time. TC-JAV, the DC-10 involved in the accident in 1973, one year before the crash, Plane Crash Turkish Airlines flight 981 Dc 10; YouTube, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Airlines_Flight_981&oldid=8339797, Cargo door failure due to aircraft design flaw leading to. choose Qatar Airways, which departs at 09:25 The last flight for this route is Vueling, Turkish Airlines, departing at 22:40 Zagreb Airport . The NTSB's recommendations following the earlier Flight 96 incident, which were intended to decrease the possibility of another hatch failure, were not implemented by any airline. [12] The memo was written after American Airlines Flight 96, another DC-10, had a rear cargo door failure identical to the one that occurred on Flight 981, causing an explosive decompression. Also, there was an indicator light in the cockpit, controlled by a switch actuated by the locking pin mechanism, that remained lit unless the cargo hatch was correctly latched. Miss Fani Ime, 21, student Twenty harrowing minutes after the explosion, American Airlines flight 96 came to a stop half on, half off the runway, all 67 passengers and crew shaken but alive. . Mr. Robert Andre Jean Lerendu, 34, married, one child, bank director and his wife Josette, 30 and their daughter Corinne Elise Simone, 5 and Mr. Lerendus brother Mr. Jacques Auguste Louis Lerendu, 38, married, two children, company secretary But the deaths of 346 people in a forest outside Paris were really the culmination of a complex, interconnected web of events, driven by a large number of people who each did what they thought was necessary or right, whether that was the baggage handler who locked a door that wasnt closed, or the McDonnell Douglas executive who feared that the company would fail and he would lose his job if he didnt sell enough DC-10s. Baggage handler Mohammed Mahmoudi was assigned to deal with the rear cargo door, but after waiting for some time, he was told that no bags would be placed there and that he should close the door. Nor could it have been done the stamps were dated July 18th 1972, before any instructions for the repair had even been drafted. Mr. Mitsuo Yano, 23, bank management trainee On 3 March 1974, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 operating the flight crashed into the Ermenonville Forest, outside Paris, killing all 346 people on board." (Unstated in either memo was the fact that Convair had little choice but to agree to Douglass design decisions.) [9][7], The French Minister of Transport appointed a commission of inquiry by the Arrt 4 March 1974. Mr. Bryan Graham Ellis, 3S, married, two children, company director However, a number of factors eventually compelled them to agree to the purchase of three of the orphaned DC-10s sitting at Long Beach Airport. [1] It was normally the duty of either the airliner's flight engineer or the chief ground engineer of Turkish Airlines to ensure that all cargo and passenger doors were securely closed before takeoff. Blog at WordPress.com.Ben Eastaugh and Chris Sternal-Johnson. Less than two years later, on March 3, 1974, a sudden, forceful blowout tore through Turk Hava Yollari (THY) Flight 981 from Paris to London. It was noted that the pins on the hatch that failed on Flight 981 had been filed down to make it easier to close the door, resulting in the hatch being less resistant to pressure. There are no survivors.. As a result, the layover increased from the normal one hour to one hour and thirty minutes. When Turkish Airlines Flight 981 arrived in Paris from Istanbul, many passengers scheduled to fly on British European Airways transferred to 981 for its final leg to London. Mr. Mehmet Engin 1nan, 21, student and his sister Hatize Burcin, 25, student Mrs. Fatma Gonul Cizravi, 25, married Mr. Edward William George Sturgess, 57, married, lithographer and his wife Edith Amelia, 57 Mr. Abdul kazzak Lak-Hani, 34, married, two children, importer, SENEGALESE I cant bring it up shes not responding! said Ulusman. The vent door was of course meant to solve this, but it was entirely useless because it was not driven by the locking pins and thus could not indicate whether the hinges were over-center. Mr. Graham Cecil Levet, 18, grain trading trainee 216 new passengers, many of whom were supposed to fly on Air France, BEA, Pan Am or TWA, boarded TK 981 in Paris. Changes had also been made to the warning light switch, so that it would turn off the cockpit warning light even if the handle was not fully closed. Mr. Mustafa Serafettin Ozturk, 41, married, three children, office worker But that came much too late for the 346 victims of the tragedy in the Ermenonville Forest and the countless bereaved loved ones that they left behind. The sudden departure of the door caused all the air to rush out of the cargo compartment, taking with it a number of items, including an occupied coffin. But American Airlines had requested an electric actuator because it was lighter and easier to maintain, so McDonnell Douglas acquiesced. In addition to the rapid development, the 1970s also witnessed two major accidents in the history of civil aviation. Turkish Airlines had to rush the DC-10 training course for its pilots; there was hardly anyone in Turkey who was qualified even to start flight engineer training; the flight engineers they did manage to find had no idea what they were doing; ground engineers complained that their training was rushed and they didnt understand English well enough to read the manuals; spare parts were hard to procure; turnaround times were too short to complete maintenance tasks; and all the documentation almost immediately disappeared. This disaster was one of the main reasons why Douglas company crashed. This article is written without reference to and supersedes the original. On the Turkish side, Air Force officials who were deeply involved in the management of the airline also liked the idea of the DC-10. The collapse also severed the cables that controlled the number two engine and the left elevator, while the right elevator cable was crimped within a buckled floor section, making it difficult to move. Victims of the Ermenonville crash interred at Thiais cemetery, Paris. The eight flight attendants, certain that they would have little to do, sat chatting in the cabin; the pilots, having placed their plane into a steady climb, admired a Boeing 747 overtaking them in the near distance. Mr. Michael George Beckwith, 28, married, one child, doctor and his wife Fatricia Ann, 30, teacher The company had originally planned to use a hydraulic actuator, which was more reliable and would always apply positive pressure, unlike an electric actuator, which could act on the latch mechanism only when turned on. Angle Lie Flat. Only later that day did airport officials inform police and the press that the actual number of people on board was at least 344. Mrs. Anna Philomena Middleton, 47, married, personnel director (How baggage handlers were supposed to know whether they were applying more or less than 50 pounds of force was not explained.) Captain Nejat Berkz, co-pilot Oral Ulusman and flight engineer Erhan zer were on the flight that day. Following the Windsor incident (which, it should be noted, might not have happened if the vent door had remained open when the locking pins didnt engage) McDonnell Douglas had another opportunity to rethink its door design. Only 167 passengers were aboard the 345 seat DC-10, 50 of those scheduled to get off in Paris. Mr. Richard Anthony Riley, 35, married, three children, company director The loss of control of these key components meant that the pilots lost control of the aircraft entirely. Miss Lynne Barbara Roberts, 23, student The two planes were also configured differently above the baggage compartment. B. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 - Passengers Passengers 167 passengers flew on the Istanbul to Paris leg, and 50 of them disembarked in Paris. Oral Ulusman Mr. Erhan Ozer Mr. Engin Ucok Ms. Gulay Sonmez Ms. Nilgun Yilmazer Ms. Sibel Zahin Ms. Semra Hidir Ms. Fatma Barka Ms. Rona Altinay Ms. Ayse Birgili The overspeed warning began to blare as the plane accelerated through 362 knots. Mr. Tsukuru Yoshitake, 22, trading company management trainee, Mr. Penn Boyd Blair, 29, married, one child, machine company vice-president Mr. Gary Ray Chard, 36, married, four children, airline sales manager After all he had done, for a moment Captain McCormick feared that it would be in vain. [note 1]. Mr. Robert Arthur Milne, 36, married, compositor and his wife Pauline, 35, design artist Mrs. Christine Carmen Bland, 46, married, librarian Miss Rachel Margaret Cowie, 47, accountant, BELGIAN As far as investigators were able to tell, there was no way that Berkz and Ulusman could have recovered. As aviationfile.com, we are a team who is passionate about aviation. Turkish Airlines Flight 981By: Jeremy Barnes, Jennifer Marino, and Manny Rodriguez-Turell Infrastructural Failure of a DC-10 Problem Identification On March,3, 1974, just outside of Paris, France, Turkish Airlines flight 981 crashed due to the decompression of the cargo door, killing all 346 passengers. Mrs. Phyllis Kween, 29, married, two children (wife of David Kween, listed under British victims) Analyzer of plane crashes and author of upcoming book (eventually). Speed! The sheer speed of the plane was causing lift to increase, thus raising the nose, but they werent pulling up fast enough. The flight crew were all Turkish. The plane was almost full due to a strike by British European Airways employees. En 1974, les familles endeuilles se recueillent dans lhorreur absolue du site dvast. While designing their respective airplanes, McDonnell Douglas and Lockheed took very different approaches to this problem. Mr. Kazuyuki Kembo, 23, trading company management trainee But a cargo door that is also a plug door would be impractical because of its size, which greatly increases the forces it would have to withstand, and because a cargo door that opens inward would severely decrease the amount of available cargo space. If he tried to turn too far to the left using the ailerons, this could, counterintuitively, result in a spin to the right. How many passengers were on Turkish Airlines Flight 981? Mr. Otto Sigmund Kohnstamm, 72, married, one child, doctor and his wife Winifred, 51, secretary On 3 March 1974, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 operating the flight crashed into the Ermenonville Forest, outside Paris, killing all 346 people on board. Miss Meral Ciril, 17, student Mr. Ladislas Mayer, 42, married, two children, aeronautical engineer The plane yawed sharply left, the nose dropped, and all three engines rolled back to idle. Mr. John Frederick Slater, 33, married, steward and his wife Gloria, 31, and their daughter Nadine Nicolas, 4 In keeping with its overall design philosophy, Lockheed devised an ingenious system that turned the rear cargo door into a semi-plug door. McDonnell Douglas followed this up later with a new service bulletin requesting (but again, not mandating) the installation of a small window through which the locking pins could be seen, along with a placard containing a diagram and the words Caution: verify latch pins engaged. They also asked that airlines increase the maximum extension of the lock tube by 6 millimeters and install a support plate around the torque tube, which would together ensure that no human could produce enough force to close the locking handle if the door wasnt locked. Among the British passengers were members of an amateur rugby team from Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, who were returning from attending a Five Nations match between France and England and trade union leader James Conway. Before American Airlines flight 96 departed Detroit on June 12th, 1972, baggage handler William Eggert loaded the coffin and several bags into the rear cargo hold, then moved to close the door. Date March 3, 1974, located at Orly Airport, Paris, France. One of these accidents undoubtedly occurred on Turkish Airlines flight 981. Took very different approaches to this problem day did Airport officials inform police and the that! 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