In 1979 she presented her one-woman show, An Evening with Beah Richards. She also published poetry. Although the film is sometimes criticised as ponderous and simplistic today, its theme of interracial marriage between a young black doctor and the daughter of seemingly liberal white parents provoked controversy and interest in 1967, and Richards' success as the supportive Mrs Prentice gained her considerable attention. In 1950 Richards moved to New York City. tony bloom starlizard. Red Richards describes himself as a Sound Alchemist. and what wrongs you murders me Awards: Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame, inducted, 1974; Emmy award, for Franks Place, 1988; Oscar nomination, Best Supporting Actress, for Beloved, 1998; Emmy Award, for The Practice, 2000. also starred in In the Heat of the Night. In the poem, sociologist Cynthia Fabrizio Pelak explains, Richards evokes early black women activists such as Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, and Ida B. Purlie Victorious (Sep 28, 1961 - May 13, 1962) Performer: Beah Richards [Idella Landy] Play Comedy Original. ." In 1979 she presented her one-woman show, An Evening with Beah Richards. In 1999, Lisa Gay Hamilton, who worked with Richards and Oprah Winfrey in Jonathan Demmes film Beloved, approached Richards proposing to helm a documentary on her life and career, with Demme producing. Character actress Beah Richards, an Academy Award nominee and two-time Emmy winner, including one earlier this month, died Thursday of emphysema in Vicksburg, Miss. Richards won an Emmy for her role. (1983), Down Home Play Drama Original. She had that power to impact in all of those areas. beah richards one is a crowd. She had five sisters: Esther (LaWanda Page), who was married to an alcoholic named Woodrow Anderson (Raymond Allen), Flossie, Minnie, Hazel, and Elizabeth, who was married to Watts junk dealer Fred G. Sanford (Redd Foxx), but died twenty-three years prior to time set of the pilot episode . Richards won an Emmy as Best Guest Performer in an acclaimed episode of "Frank's Place" (CBS, 1987) as the wife of a man whose death in a car accident isn't what it first appears. She was 80. Once again, the production, with Jane Fonda and Michael Caine, received lukewarm reviews. She also published poetry. Join our new membership program on Patreon today. Her first play was written in 1951 titled One Is a Crowd about a black singer who seeks revenge on a white man who destroyed her family. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Richard I It was there that acting became a reality for her. (1965) Stage: Appeared in "The Amen Corner" on Broadway. Her first play was written in 1951 titled One Is a Crowd about a black singer who seeks revenge on a white man who destroyed her family. James Baldwins Amen Corner, produced by Maria Cole, Nat King Coles widow, and with Frank Silvera as star and director, opened in New York City in 1965. MIrs Beah Richards, 80, an actress whose career spanned four decades in films including "Guess Who's Coming To Dinner" and "Beloved" and who received an Emmy Award this year for her guest appearance. (1998), Out of Darkness Richards was inducted into the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame in 1974. Richards grew up in an environment of racial hostility. The reception was overwhelming, and the Womens Workshop helped her publish it as a pamphlet. At the time, such a career seemed very far away. Contemporary Black Biography. [2], Her career began in 1955 when she portrayed an 84-year-old-grandmother in the off-Broadway show Take a Giant Step. Support JSTOR Daily! Her first of her three plays was Alls Well That Ends, which deals with segregation. Set during the Polish-Soviet War of 19191920, Babels novel captured the indiscriminate violence and injustice of warfare. Richards won an Emmy for her role. Her father was a minister and her mother was a seamstress. Hepburn and Tracy are perplexed and not particularly thrilled with the idea of this mixed marriage, but then neither are Poitiers parents, the mother played by Beah Richards, in all her dignified, quiet glory. Beah was raised by a loving mother who was a PTA advocate as well as a seamstress and a Baptist Minister. NOTE: (1) She was nominated for a Tony Award as Best Actress. Beah Richards (Beulah Richardson), an actor perhaps best known for her work in Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, wrote "A Black Woman Speaks of White Womanhood, of White Supremacy, of Peace" in 1950, and first performed it at the American People's Peace Congress, " a radical multiracial peace network that the U.S. State Department denounced for She made numerous guest television appearances, including roles on Beauty and the Beast, The Bill Cosby Show, 227, Sanford and Son, Benson, Designing Women, The Facts of Life, The Practice, Murder, She Wrote, The Big Valley and ER (as Dr. Peter Bentons mother.) (1987), The Curse When the British director Philip Leacock filmed the play in 1959, she reprised the role, thus escaping the typecasting that might have followed her screen debut as a maid in The Mugger (1958). She was also a poet, playwright, author and activist. What is not known of Ms. Richards is that she is also a playwright, film producer, poet, and the author of two books. Activist and educator Louise Thompson Patterson approached Richards after hearing her poem to ask her if shed be interested in forming a political group. Richards was nominated for an Oscar and a Golden Globe for her supporting role in the film Guess Whos Coming to Dinner in 1968, as well as winning two Primetime Emmy Awards for her guest roles in the television series Franks Place in 1988 and The Practice in 2000. Even at a young age, people said she was destined for the theater. It is up to women to change their roles. Consequently, she was generally cast as the strong, reliable woman of the house. Ethel Winfield is a fictional character on the NBC sitcom Sanford and Son, portrayed by Beah Richards. Most of her friends and fellow performers felt that Richards never received the recognition that she was due, partly because of the standards of the time and the roles into which she was cast. Like Angela Lansbury, Richards was often called on to portray the mother of actors not much younger than herself (e.g., she was a mere seven years older than Poitier and 11 years older than James Earl Jones who portrayed her son in 1970's "The Great White Hope"). We publish articles grounded in peer-reviewed research and provide free access to that research for all of our readers. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Although critics noted her talents as wide-ranging and extraordinary, she was not considered a Hollywood beauty like Lena Home or Dorothy Dandridge. [citation needed], As a writer, she wrote the verse performance piece A Black Woman Speaks, a collection of 14 poems, in which she points out that white women played an important role in oppressing women of color. Variety is a part of Penske Media Corporation. A Black Woman Speaks, Inner City Press, 1974. Internet Movie Database, http://www.imdb.com. She moved to New York in 1951 and by 1956 appeared Off Broadway in the production Take a Giant Step. Three years later, she made her screen debut in an adaptation of the play, which chronicled a black teenagers struggles in a white world. (1960), The Mugger (1967). (1963), The Miracle Worker JSTOR, the JSTOR logo, and ITHAKA are registered trademarks of ITHAKA. Despite her Oscar nomination, Richards was cast only sporadically in features in the 70s and 80s, mostly in small roles that hardly tapped her abilities (e.g., "Mahogany" 1975 and "Homer and Eddie" 1989). Scholarly publications with full text pdf download. Race, Gender & Class, Vol. Jet, September 25, 2000, October 2, 2000. But for Beah Richards, who has died aged 74, it meant freedom and rejection of life in a town in which she claimed to have suffered racism "every day of my life". Variety and the Flying V logos are trademarks of Variety Media, LLC. Beah Richards, a veteran stage performer and character actor whose best work included her Oscar-nominated portrayal of Sidney Poitier's mother in "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner" and who won an. (1985), A Christmas Without Snow The film won the Grand Jury Prize at the AFI Film Festival.[11]. She was famous for being a Movie Actress. Available for both RF and RM licensing. Then Richards landed a role in the 1954 off-Broadway production of Take a Giant Step. So be careful when you talk with me. For the Record Los Angeles Times Saturday September 23, 2000 Home Edition Metro Part B Page 6 Metro Desk 1 inches; 23 words Type of Material: Correction Beah Richards--A Sept. 16 obituary gave an incorrect age for veteran stage and film actress Beah Richards. This fabled orchid breeder loves to chat just not about Trader Joes orchids, Sweetie Pies alum Tim Norman gets life sentence for planned execution of nephew, Fox News finally reveals its kryptonite: the bottom line, Unlike Andor, Mandalorian is going all in on Star Wars lore. Remind me not of my slavery, I know it well Official Sites Jr. High - Adult African American Studies, Film Studies, Poetry, Theater Richards returned home to Vicksburg, Miss., from Los Angeles inMay. Besides the stage and films, Richards had a distinguished career in television. What did Disney actually lose from its Florida battle with DeSantis? 7803. She made her film debut three years later, when she was cast in the screen adaptation of the play. 1971 (Unknown) County One Is A Crowd (Pub: Produced in Los Angeles . 1842 S Sycamore Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90019 is a 5 bedroom, 5 bathroom, 1,800 sqft townhouse built in 2022. It was not produced until decades later. She had been suffering from emphysema for some time. You may unsubscribe at any time by clicking on the provided link on any marketing message. At a Glance The daughter of a minister, Richards discovered a passion for acting while she was a student at New Orleans Dillard University. Beah: A Black Woman Speaks 2003 Highly Recommended Distributed by Women Make Movies, 462 Broadway, New York, NY 10013; 212-925-0606 Produced by Neda Armian, Jonathan Demme, LisaGay Hamilton, and Joe Viola Directed by LisaGay Hamilton VHS, color, 90 min. Since she was a straight actress, not an entertainer, Richards never achieved star status, and specialised in feisty character roles, usually older than her years, notably indomitable matriarchs. Just four days. Comedy. Broke Free From Typecasting She made numerous guest television appearances, including roles on Beauty and the Beast, The Bill Cosby Show, 227, Sanford and Son, Benson, Designing Women, The Facts of Life, The Practice, Murder, She Wrote, The Big Valley and ER (as Dr. Peter Benton's mother.) Most, if not all, ancient civilizations practiced this institution and it is described (and defended) in early writings of the Sumerians, Babyl Portuguese explorers first landed in northeast Brazil in 1500. However, in 1973 she spoke at a Boston University conference on Black Images in Film: Stereotyping and Self-Perception as Viewed by Black Actresses. Commenting that the best attack against stereotyping is simply not go to those films. She has directed plays, including Piano Bar at the Los Angeles Inner City Cultural Center from 1986 to 1987, and television shows. Scorri tra programmi e film che includono Beah Richards come Indovina Chi Viene a Cena? The correct address is 400 S. Lafayette Park Place, Suite 307, Los Angeles, CA 90057. (1986), Too Good to Be True (1958), Zora Is My Name! so we share a mutual death at the hand of tyranny. She is among the Black women who "actively participated in movements affiliated with the CPUSA" between 1917's Bolshevik Revolution and Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev's 1956 revelations. In 1948, Richards graduated from Dillard University, New Orleans, and decided on an acting career. ", The small screen has proven more hospitable to Richards' talents. She reprised the latter role in the movie released in 1962. (Richards eventually played the role in L.A. in 1968 and again at the Yale Repertory Theatre in 1983). Lonely at the Top [4] She was later a sponsor of the National United Committee to Free Angela Davis. JSTOR Daily readers can access the original research behind our articles for free on JSTOR. Help us keep publishing stories that provide scholarly context to the news. 1430 Prince Henry the Navigator sailed around the southern coast of Africa around Madeiras and Azores and around the western bulge near Cabo de No to survey the kingdoms of the moors and their true Portuguese Role in the Transatlantic Slave Trade, NYCs Early African American Settlements Weeksville. Rocks first certified zany, Richard, Maurice ", The poem illuminated the oppression Black women faced. She also taught courses on the theater at the university level. 2000 (Unknown) County Beah Richards died in Vicksburg, Mississippi, in 2000. She was born on July 12, 1926, to Wesley and Beulah Richardson. She also developed a one-woman show, An Evening With Beah Richards. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. "Richards, Beah 19262000 Because she had been to ill to attend the ceremony, the costar of the series, Lisa Gay Hamilton, went to Vicksburg to give Richards her award. She also received a Tony Award nomination for her performance in the 1965 production of The Amen Corner. The year 1967 was very busy for Richards in Hollywood. ", Wrote first stage play "One Is a Crowd" (also acted), Appeared as Aunt Ethel on "Sanford and Son" (NBC), Featured in the ABC miniseries "Roots: The Next Generations", Began appearances in one-woman show "An Evening with Beah Richards"; also wrote the piece, Won an Emmy Award as Best Guest Actress on an acclaimed episode of the CBS series "Frank's Place", Made one-shot return to films in "Beloved" playing Baby Suggs, Earned second Emmy Award for guest performance as an elderly woman whose daughter is seeking legal recourse to nullify her mother's marriage on "The Practice" (ABC). Hamilton told in Entertainment Weekly, I think Beahs favorite role was being a free spirit. . Once again, the production, with Jane Fonda and Michael Caine, received lukewarm reviews. She appeared in Roots: The Next Generations as Cynthia Murray Palmer, the grandmother of Alex Haley. Four days earlier, she had won an Emmy for her guest appearance as a woman suffering from Alzheimer's disease on ABC's The Practice. It was Guess Whos Coming To Dinner. Green; a stepsister; three great-nephews; and a great-niece. Sign Up now to stay up to date with all of the latest news from TCM. Collection of famous quotes and sayings about The Night Sky Stars: We may be lost stars in an ocean of constellations on a dark night but do remember we both belong [1], Richards was nominated for a Tony Award for her 1965 performance in James Baldwin's The Amen Corner. Four days earlier, she had won an Emmy for her guest appearance as a woman suffering from Alzheimers disease on ABCs The Practice. (1994), One Special Victory Published 2006 by . I speak not mockingly Richards, who died Sept. 14 in Vicksburg, Miss., was 80. (1980), Ring of Passion [] One sweet photo shows Portia posing with older sisters Sophia Kylie, 23, Alexia Simone, 26, and Farrah Brittany Aldjufrie, 34. Other series credits include a recurring role as a voodoo priestess on "Beauty and the Beast" (CBS, 1987-89) and as Markie Post's childhood nursemaid in "Hearts Afire" (CBS, 1992). This womans fury is bathed in decent venom.. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Four days earlier, she had won an Emmy for her guest appearance as a woman suffering from Alzheimer ' s disease on ABC ' s The Practice. Take a Giant Step was one of the thoughtful dramas about race that proliferated in the 1950s, including A Raisin in the Sun, where she understudied the lead on Broadway and played in later productions. In 1958 she began the Harlem Community Theatre along with 19 other actors, including Godfrey Cambridge. Beah Richards, a veteran stage performer and character actor whose best work included her Oscar-nominated portrayal of Sidney Poitiers mother in Guess Whos Coming to Dinner and who won an Emmy this week for a guest role in ABCs The Practice, has died. Born 1157 2023 Variety Media, LLC. Hamilton's film, Beah: A Black Woman Speaks, is intelligently titled after Richard's outstanding poem, A Black Woman Speaks. Richards rarely complained but went about her life giving the best of herself in any performance. Even at a young age, people said she was destined for the theater. The Miracle Worker (Oct 19, 1959 - Jul 01, 1961) Performer: Beah Richards [Viney] Play Drama Original. | As historian Ashley D. Farmer writes, the organizationdeveloped a Communist, black nationalist, and feminist agenda to end black womens oppression. Several Sojourners, including Richards, were put under years-long government surveillance under suspicion of being Communists. Poitier also worked with Richards in the 1967 film In the Heat of the Night, in which she played an abortionist. . She was also a poet, playwright, author and activist. (February 22, 2023). 0 She subsequently played the mother of a paranoid schizophrenic Diana Ross in Ross' TV movie debut, "Out of Darkness" (ABC, 1994). She was seen on Sanford and Son, Hill St. Blues, L.A. Law, Highway to Heaven, and Designing Women, as well as in a recurring role on ER. She was not allowed to check books out of the public library and, while on her way to school, she had even been stoned by white children. and eventually marks your grave Quiet, soft-spoken Beah Richards had a long and distinguished theater, film, and television career that began in the 1950s. (1981), Roots: The Next Generations Notable movie appearances include The Amen Corner (1965), Guess Whos Coming to Dinner (1967), Hurry Sundown, The Great White Hope, Beloved and In the Heat of the Night. beah richards one is a crowd. She often played the role of a mother or grandmother, and continued acting her entire life. below is a list of Beah Richards's plays - click on a Play Title for more information One Is a Crowd One Is a Crowd Synopsis: A black woman's quest for revenge and regeneration Notes: 1st Produced: Inner City Cultural Center, Los Angeles, Calif 1971 Organisations: 1st Published: Music: To Buy This Play: Descubr lo que tu empresa podra llegar a alcanzar. Career: Theater roles: The Miracle Worker, 1959; Purlie Victorious, 1961; Amen Corner, 1965; film appearances: Hurry Sundown, 1967; In the Heat of the Night, 1967; Guess Whos Coming to Dinner, 1967; The Great White Hope, 1970; The Biscuit Eater, 1972; Mahogany, 1975; Big Shots, 1987; Drugstore Cowboy, 1989; Beloved, 1998; television series: The Bill Cosby Show, 1970-71; Sanford and Son, 1972; Hearts Afire, 1992; tv movies: Footsteps, 1972; Outrage, 1973; A Dream for Christmas, 1973; Just an Old Sweet Song, 1976; Ring of Passion, 1978; Roots: The Next Generations, 1979; A Christmas Without Snow, 1980; The Sophisticated Gents, 1981; Generation, 1985; Acceptable Risks, 1986; Capital News, 1990; One Special Victory, 1991; Out of Darkness, 1994; tv guest appearances: Hill St Blues, 1986; Franks Place; LA Law, 1990; Family Matters, 1991; Matlock, 1993; /?, 1994; The Practice, 1997; published plays and poetry collections. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. This eventually brought Richards to another realmas a cofounder of the civil rights organization Sojourners for Peace and Justice, which used A Black Woman Speaks as a framework for its efforts. Get your fix of JSTOR Dailys best stories in your inbox each Thursday. [citation needed], As a writer, she wrote the verse performance piece A Black Woman Speaks, a collection of 14 poems, in which she points out that white women played an important role in oppressing women of color. In 1951, she moved to New York to launch an acting career. Beulah Elizabeth Richardson (July 12, 1920 - September 14, 2000), known professionally as Beah Richards and Bea Richards, was an American actress of stage, screen, and television. Beah Richards (July 12, 1920 - September 14, 2000) was an American actress of stage, screen and television. Take a look. Selected filmography: The wed ding will take place Monday evening, April 19, at 6 o'clock In St. Jerome's Catholic Church here, Rev. A grounding at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego led to a 50-year career on stage, in movies and television. To view this content, please use one of the following compatible browsers: A veteran stage performer and character player, Beah Richards is perhaps best remembered by movie audiences for her Oscar-nominated portrayal as Sidney Poitier's proud, knowing mother in Stanley Kramer's "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner?" Beah Richards was not only a talented stage, screen, and television performer. Beah Richards, who was briefly married to Hugh Harrell in the 1960s, died in Vicksburg, Mississippi, on September 14, 2000. She left The Times in 2015. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Sojourning for Freedom: Black Women, American Communism, and the Making of Black Left Feminism, McDuffie, Erik S. "Throughout the Party, they advanced Black liberation, women's rights, decolonization, economic justice, peace, and international solidarity. | Hepburn, with Spencer Tracy, play socialite white parents who learn that their daughter is about to marry a well-educated, intelligent black man, played by Sidney Poitier, who. Studying dance and drama at the Old Globe Theatre, she played in such productions as The Little Foxes. [8], She received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as Mrs. Mary Prentice, Sidney Poitier's mother in the 1967 film Guess Who's Coming to Dinner.[1]. She moved on to San Diego, California, where she joined a regional theater troupe. A Black Woman Speaks: And Other Poems by Beah E. Richards | Goodreads Jump to ratings and reviews Want to read Buy on Amazon Rate this book A Black Woman Speaks: And Other Poems Beah E. Richards 5.00 3 ratings2 reviews Genres Poetry 36 pages First published January 1, 1974 Book details & editions About the author Beah E. Richards 3 books9 followers Nationality American Gender Female Death Details September 14, 2000 Vicksburg, Mississippi Famous Works Credits Although critics were lukewarm to the play, which ran just 12 weeks, her performance was highly touted by all. She also won an Emmy in 1987 for a guest role in the CBS series Franks Place.. Related research topic ideas. NOTE: Richards starred in a 1970 Broadway production of the book. Beah Richards won an Emmy just days before her death in 2000. A Raisin in the Sun (Mar 11, 1959 - Jun 25, 1960) Understudy: Beah Richards [Lena Younger] Born Beah Richardson in Vicksburg, Mississippi, on July 12, 1926 (one source cites 1920); died of emphysema in Vicksburg on September 14, 2000; daughter of Wesley Richardson (a Baptist minister) and Beulah Richardson (a seamstress); attended Dillard University in New Orleans; married artist Hugh Harrell (divorced). Film and television actress who avoided stereotyping and specialised in feisty matriarchs, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. document.getElementById( "ak_js_3" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); JSTOR Daily provides context for current events using scholarship found in JSTOR, a digital library of academic journals, books, and other material. However, the year brought Richards the most attention for a movie that received so-so reviews, but gave Katharine Hepburn the Best Actress Oscar. 4, No. In the markedly better social thriller In the Heat of the Night (1967), she shared the screen with Sidney Poitier, Hollywood's leading black actor; later that year she did so again in Stanley Kramer's Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, this time playing Poitier's mother, despite being two years his junior. It was not produced until decades later. https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/richards-beah-1926-2000, "Richards, Beah 19262000 As Pelak writes, Richards writing from the 1950s demonstrates that although the term intersectionality may have been coined in the late 1980s, the theorizing of intersecting systems of inequalities was not new.. . Addresses: AGENT--Jack Fields and Associates, 9255 Sunset Boulevard, Suite 1105, Los Angeles, CA 90069. Her first significant stage role was in 1955, playing an elderly woman in the off-Broadway play Take a Giant Step. Father J. P. Tower officiating. Occasionally getting small parts, she supported herself by becoming an instructor in a charm school. Law, Highway to Heaven and Designing Women. In 1970 Richards replaced Lillian Randolph as Bill Cosbys mother on The Bill Cosby Show., Film credits include Drugstore Cowboy, In the Heat of the Night (also with Poitier), The Great White Hope and Hurry Sundown., Richards also appeared in three of her own plays: A Black Woman Speaks, One Is a Crowd and her one-woman show in 1979, An Evening With Beah Richards.. The play's first performance was in 1950 for the organization Women for Peace, a white women's organization in Chicago. Scopri di pi su Beah Richards su Apple TV. 1 on iTunes Charts, Jussie Smollett finally appeals his conviction stemming from 2019 hate-crime hoax, Gayle King surprises Angela Bassett with her Whats Love Got to Do With It dress, Daisy Jones & the Six review: Riley Keough fronts a rock soap opera, Desperate mountain residents trapped by snow beg for help; We are coming, sheriff says, Hidden, illegal casinos are booming in L.A., with organized crime reaping big profits, Look up: The 32 most spectacular ceilings in Los Angeles. Like Angela Lansbury, Richards was often called on to portray the mother of actors not much younger than herself (e.g., she was a mere seven years Beloved Then, we being the majority, could long ago have rescued our wasted lives.. (1961) Stage: Appeared (as "Idella Landy") in "Purlie Victorious" on Broadway. TV movies included Just an Old Sweet Song (1976) and A Christmas Without Snow (1980). In 1959 she played in The Miracle Worker and was the understudy for Claudia McNeil in A Raisin in the Sun, going on the national tour in the role of Leah Younger. One of her poems, "Keep Climbing, Girls", has been turned into a picture book inspiring girls' power. (1989), Acceptable Risks (1962), Take a Giant Step boeing 767 patriot express. Without question, she was hurt. Beah Richards grew up in Vicksburg, Mississippi. Theatre work proved easier to obtain. She was singled out for her performance in a short-lived series called Franks Place, a gentle show set in New Orleans. On television she starred for two years in The Bill Cosby Show, and went on to appear in a number of other notable series; Hill Street Blues, Murder She Wrote and the mini-series Roots: The Next Generations (1979).

Michael Mahoney Obituary, Montverde Academy Lawsuit, Demri Parrott Last Photo, Dueling Book How To Play With Friends, United Healthcare Otc Catalog 2022, Articles B