a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ You can download the paper by clicking the button above. CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. /BitsPerComponent 8 Granted is the fact that federalism was launched in Nigeria by expatriate leaders, its continued existence since independence is standing firm on the interest of the indegeneous leaders. From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. Ethnic Minorities and Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR Moreover, is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. Air Plan Approval; Texas; New Source Review Updates for Project It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. PDF The Efficacy of Federalism in a Multi-Ethnic State: The Nigerian - CORE 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. 3. Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, 10 most delicious Nigerian dishes for dinner, "Youve admitted election was flawed", Atiku replies Tinubu campaign, Whitney Adeyemi: Protest Hits Lagos as Residents Besiege Chrisland School, Long Fulani tribal braids: 30 beautiful styles to try out, Old Naira notes: 5 key things to know about Supreme Court's final verdict, "Precious don finish work": Little girl with 'anointing' prays passionately over food as mum watches, video trends. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. PDF Federalism in Nigeria: Accommodating Diversity and Promoting Stability There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. >> Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria - Samphina Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. PDF Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: Theory and Dimensions But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. Nigeria and Ghana can not easily form a country chiefly because they are not geographically contiguous. 7 Functions of Nigerian Federalism - Information Guide in Nigeria /Font << This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. 3 0 obj Each state has the same level of self-governance. There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. Historical experience 3.2 2. What is federalism? Federalism in India - Analysis of the Indian Constitution Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. 7. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? Promoting an awareness of federalism - University of the Philippines There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. by the federal or any state government. Does Federalism Make Sense For The Philippines? - Forbes The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. /F5 18 0 R Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria | Publius: The Journal of welcome, and thanks for reading us. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. /F4 15 0 R PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and Challenges of Implementing Federal Character It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. Your email address will not be published. First, how to properly place peoples, better still - indigenes and ethnic groupings, in their relevant socio-economic categories; that is, in line with the oil windfalls. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. 2. The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. Ethnic, Religious and Geographical Factor 3.5 5. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. PDF The 2015 General Elections: Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Nigeria: A Federation in Search of Federalism These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. /F2 9 0 R << The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. Asst. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . Federalism | PDF | Federalism | Decentralization MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. Defence, Security, Economy and Development, Chigozirim Odinkalu, Ebenebe Ernest Onyeka, Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies (eJECS), International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS), Glocalism: Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? stream Full History of Nigerian Federalism. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. @VF:8=|@5&/1df gbjtCoy(L5A,JCI1/'5DT8`A!UY*&wTN5[v;KXvH* 5:>}W^Bp_ ;R!&L %s\q'(], Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. Levoluzione del federalismo nigeriano tra conflitti etnici e transizioni democratiche. Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. This is another reason for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. 3. Email Address. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. 1. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. 2. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. 7 Topics . This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB. The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. Payment Details. It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Required fields are marked *. Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e.

Local/bin/tensorboard No Such File Or Directory, Poinciana High School Staff, Catherine Belton Husband, Ksp High Altitude Plane, Mobile Homes For Rent In Newberry, Fl, Articles R